Electrophoretic deposition of chitosan reinforced baghdadite ceramic nano-particles on the stainless steel 316L substrate to improve biological and physical characteristics

Despite the low cost and high mechanical properties  of stainless steel (SS 316L) as orthopedic implants, it shows poor bioactivity and biocompatibility due to various corrosion mechanisms occurring in a biological environment. Therefore, this study is aimed at developing a novel nano-composite of chitosan-baghdadite nano-particles by electrophoretic technique to enhance the corrosion resistance , biocompatibility, and bioactivity properties of SS 316L implants. The results demonstrated that the applied Chitosan coating including 1 wt% baghdadite nano-particles at 15 V and 10 min was hydrophobic (44.26° ± 1.34) and it increased the roughness of SS 316L from 0.20 ± 0.01 μm to 1.47 ± 0.22 μm. Furthermore, increasing the baghdadite percentage affected coating adhesion. The evaluation of MG63 cell viability, spreading, and attachment verified no cytotoxicity, and well spreading and suitable attachment of MG63 cells on the coatings (optimum sample = coating with 1 wt% baghdadite nano-particles). This type of coating could provide appropriate biological properties for orthopedic implants based on the observed results.