Anal Sphincter: A Comprehensive Review

Negar Abbasi Aval, Saeid Aslanabadi, Mahshid Kharaziha, Sina Zarrintan, Farzad Ilkhchooyi

Anal incontinence is of potential clinical interest and significance. Comprehensive knowledge of anal clinical anatomy and function is essential to understand pathophysiological processes that lead to sphincter malfunction. We review anatomy, physiology and surgical pathology of the anal sphincter. We also discuss surgical procedures which are used in cases of fecal incontinence.